Integrated management of pests and diseases

In Barcelona, we are committed to maintaining and protecting our green spaces, ensuring that the vegetation is healthy and free from pests and diseases that could weaken or threaten it. We want to ensure a green and safe environment for everyone. 

Commitment to health and the environment

Our integrated pest and disease management in urban gardening prioritises practices and products that minimise risks to health and the environment. 

In Barcelona, we have eliminated the use of glyphosate and other chemical herbicides in green spaces and public thoroughfares, opting instead for less harmful alternatives. In general, we only use chemical methods as a last resort. 

Sustainable management of street trees

To reduce the use of chemical products in maintaining the city’s trees, we have developed a management programme that outlines various strategies for preventing and controlling pests and diseases. 

When action is needed, treatments with the lowest environmental impact are prioritised, always with the aim of preserving human health. 

Classification of pests and diseases

In Barcelona, the classification of pests and diseases affecting greenery is done in three groups, based on the level of impact they cause:

Prevention of pests and diseases: selecting species

Pest prevention begins with selecting plants that are suited to the climate and urban environment of Barcelona.

Which plants do we choose? 

Plants which are well adapted to an urban environment

Prats

We choose plants that adapt well to the climatic and environmental conditions of Barcelona and fit the type of street where they will be planted, taking into account the width of the pavement, the presence of balconies, and the roadway. Priority is also given to species that do not have known associated pests.

We avoid problems

orquídea

We do not plant species that cause allergies or that are invasive. We also look for plants that add colour with their flowers. 

Diversity and sustainability

Plantes

For over 10 years, we have been replacing species that do not adapt well or that are too common, and introducing new ones to ensure that no species exceeds 15% of the total in the city. This helps to promote biodiversity and keep our green spaces healthy and varied.

Criteria for integrated pest and disease control

To manage pest and disease control in green spaces, factors such as the potential disturbance to the environment, the location of the tree, and structural impact are considered. 

  • Tolerance threshold: a visual analysis is conducted to assess how pests affect trees and the public. Based on the results, a decision is made whether to eliminate the pest entirely or simply control it within acceptable levels.
  • Tree location: the placement of the tree is important. Trees located in busy areas, such as squares and avenues, may cause greater disturbances to residents and affect surrounding activities.
  • Structural impact: some pests can damage the structure and stability of certain trees, such as oaks, cypresses, or palm trees. Taking action quickly is crucial.
  • Quarantine pests: according to the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), a quarantine pest is one that can have a significant economic impact and is not widely spread. They are not common in Barcelona.

These criteria help keep the city's trees healthy and protected, minimising disturbances to the public and daily activities.

Phytosanitary treatments

In recent years, plant protection treatments have evolved to reduce the use of chemical products and adopt alternative methods that preserve biodiversity. 

Priority is always given to specific treatments that minimise risks to health and the environment. The six main treatment methods are:

  • Cultural: we select species well-adapted to the urban environment and resistant to pests.
  • Mechanical: controlled pruning prevents and limits the spread of pests. Additionally, soil aeration and proper irrigation control also contribute.
  • Biological control: we use living organisms to manage pests and strengthen plant defences.
  • Pheromone traps: this method monitors insect population levels by attracting and capturing them using sexual or food pheromones.
  • Chemical methods:
    • Plant endotherapy: injection of plant health products directly into the trunk of trees and palm.
    • Spraying: application of products to the leaves and branches of plants using fumigation equipment.
    • Irrigation: application of products mixed with water through irrigation.
    • Flooding: application of products directly to the base of the palms.   

This balanced approach ensures effective, sustainable, and safe treatments for everyone.